Ii. Classification according to printing machinery:

 1, manual screen printing

Hand-made screen prints are commercially produced on long platens (platens up to 60 yards long). The printed cloth rolls are spread smoothly on the platform, and the surface of the platform is precoated with a small amount of sticky material. The printer then continuously moves the screen frame by hand along the entire table, one at a time, until the fabric is finished. Each screen frame corresponds to a printing pattern.

This method can be produced at speeds of 50-90 yards per hour, and commercial hand screen printing is also widely used to print cut pieces.

Hand-made screen printing is also used to print limited, highly fashionable women’s clothing and small quantities of products for launch into the market.

2. Flat Print,Screen Print

The printing mold is fixed on the square frame and has a hollow pattern of polyester or nylon screen (flower version). The pattern on the flower plate can pass through the color paste, no pattern is closed mesh with polymer film layer. When printing, the printing plate is pressed tightly on the fabric, and the color paste is filled on the printing plate, and the color paste is reciprocated and pressed with a scraper to reach the surface of the fabric through the pattern.

Flat screen printing process is intermittent rather than continuous process, so the production speed is not as fast as round screen.

The production rate is about 500 yards per hour.

 3. Rotary Print

The printing mold is a cylindrical nickel skin screen with hollow pattern, which is installed on the rubber guide belt running in a certain sequence and can rotate synchronously with the guide belt. When printing, the color paste is input into the net and stored at the bottom of the net. When the circular net rotates with the guide belt, the squeegee at the bottom of the net and the flower net are relatively scraped, and the color paste reaches the surface of the fabric through the pattern on the net.

Circular screen printing belongs to continuous processing, high production efficiency.

The circular screen printing process is a continuous process in which the printed fabric is conveyed through a wide rubber belt to the bottom of the circular screen cylinder in constant motion. Among screen printing, circular screen printing has the fastest production speed, which is more than 3500 yards per hour.

Rotary screen making process: black and white draft inspection and preparation – cylinder choice – rotary screen clean – sensitive glue – exposure – development – curing rubber – stop – check

 4, roller printing

Drum printing, like newspaper printing, is a high-speed process that produces more than 6,000 yards of printed fabric per hour, also known as mechanical printing. The copper drum can be carved out of a close arrangement of very delicate fine lines, which can be printed very delicate, soft patterns.

This method would not be economical if the quantities for each pattern were not very large.

Drum printing is the least use of mass printing production method, because now popular fashion is faster and faster, less and less mass orders, so the output of drum printing continues to decline every year.

Drum prints are often used for very fine line prints such as Paisley tweed prints and for major prints that are printed in large quantities in many seasons.

 5. Tropical Print

First used with disperse dyes and the printing ink printed on the paper pattern, and then put the printed paper (also known as transfer paper) stored, fabric printing, through the thermal transfer printing machine, make the transfer paper and printing attached together face to face, at about 210 ℃ (400 t) conditions through the machine, in such a high temperature, dye sublimation transfer printing paper and transfer to the fabric, Complete the printing process without further treatment. The process is relatively simple.

Disperse dyes are the only dyes that sublimate, and in a sense, the only dyes that can be heat-transfer printed, so the process can only be used on fabrics made of fibers that have an affinity for such dyes, including acetate, acrylonitrile, polyamide (nylon), and polyester.

Heat transfer printing can be used to print sanction sheets, in which case a specially designed pattern is used. Heat transfer printing stands out from the printing process as a complete fabric printing method, thus eliminating the use of bulky and expensive dryers, steamers, washing machines and tensioning machines.

The production rate for continuous heat transfer printing is approximately 250 yards per hour.

However, due to the temperature and other process parameters in the heat transfer process have a great influence on the final color, so if the color light requirements are very strict, this method can not be used.

 6. Inkjet printing (Digital Print)

Ink-jet printing involves spraying small droplets of dye onto the fabric at precise locations. The nozzle used to spray the dye and pattern formation can be controlled by a computer to obtain complex patterns and precise pattern cycles.

Ink-jet printing eliminates delays and cost increases associated with carving rollers and making screens, a competitive advantage in the fast changing textile market. Jet printing systems are flexible and fast, moving quickly from one pattern to another.

 7. Flocking

Flocking is a printing in which a pile of fiber called a staple (about 1/10 — 1/4 inch) is glued to the surface of the fabric in a specific pattern. The process has two stages. First, a pattern is printed on the fabric using an adhesive, rather than a dye or paint. There are two methods for attaching staple to fabric: mechanical flocking and electrostatic flocking.

The fibers used for electrostatic flocking include all fibers used in actual production, of which viscose fiber and nylon are the most common. In most cases, staple fibers are dyed before being transferred to the fabric.

The resistance of flocking fabrics to dry cleaning and/or washing depends on the nature of the adhesive.

The appearance of flocking fabrics can be suede or plush or even plush.

 9. Cold transfer printing

Cold transfer printing technology, also known as wet transfer printing, has become an emerging printing method in China since it was introduced from Europe in the 1990s. It is a kind of paper printing, not only different from the traditional round/flat screen printing, but also different from heat transfer printing.

Cold transfer printing machine tension is small, easy to deformation of fabric is suitable for printing the tension, such as cotton, high production efficiency, to thin silk, nylon fabric can get better heat transfer effect, especially good at printing complex characters, landscape pattern, has a strong administrative levels feeling and stereo feeling, the effect can be rivalled with digital direct injection, and printing process to achieve the energy conservation and emissions reduction, Therefore, it is favored by people.

The principle of cold transfer printing is to make color paste with good solubility and stability of dyes (reactive dyes, acid dyes, etc.), and adjust the surface tension between color paste and paper, the image clearly printed on the paper has been coated with release agent, drying roll. Then the fabric to be printed (after pre-treatment can not add softener, smoothing agent and other water-repellent additives) dip rolling printing pre-treatment solution, and then align with the transfer printing paper, after bonding through the transfer printing unit, the fabric with the pre-treatment solution to dissolve the color paste on the transfer printing paper. Under certain pressure conditions, because the affinity of the dye to the fabric is greater than that of the transfer paper, the dye transfers and enters the fabric pores. Finally, the paper and cloth are separated, the fabric is dried through the oven, and sent to the steamer to evaporate the hair color within the specified time.

 Other printing methods rarely used in textile production are: wood stencil printing, wax printing (that is, wax proof) printing, and yarn tie-dyed cloth